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Table 3 Association between time preference and personal values (commitment to value and area of priority values) at age 15 retrospectively assessed in a community adult sample of Japan: Multiple linear regression analysisa

From: Time preference and personal value: a population-based cross-sectional study in Japan

Ā 

Crude

Ā Ā Ā 

Sex & age adjustedb

Ā Ā 

Fully adjustedc

Ā Ā 

b

SE

beta

p

b

SE

beta

p

b

SE

beta

p

Discrate (Nā€‰=ā€‰1880)

ā€ƒCommitment to value

āˆ’0.229

0.162

āˆ’0.033

0.158

āˆ’0.294

0.164

āˆ’0.042

0.072

āˆ’0.183

0.165

āˆ’0.026

0.268

ā€ƒNot bothering others

āˆ’0.143

0.045

āˆ’0.073

0.002

āˆ’0.100

0.046

āˆ’0.051

0.029

āˆ’0.082

0.046

āˆ’0.041

0.076

ā€ƒBeing evaluated by others

āˆ’0.137

0.047

āˆ’0.067

0.004

āˆ’0.120

0.047

āˆ’0.058

0.012

āˆ’0.081

0.047

āˆ’0.040

0.089

ā€ƒHaving and keeping a belief

āˆ’0.017

0.048

āˆ’0.008

0.727

āˆ’0.019

0.048

āˆ’0.009

0.701

0.021

0.048

0.010

0.660

ā€ƒEconomically succeeding

āˆ’0.047

0.052

āˆ’0.021

0.368

āˆ’0.065

0.052

āˆ’0.029

0.215

āˆ’0.059

0.053

āˆ’0.026

0.268

ā€ƒImproving society

āˆ’0.065

0.049

āˆ’0.030

0.188

āˆ’0.056

0.050

āˆ’0.026

0.259

āˆ’0.026

0.050

āˆ’0.012

0.607

ā€ƒExploring what you were interested in

āˆ’0.028

0.047

āˆ’0.014

0.557

āˆ’0.068

0.048

āˆ’0.033

0.152

āˆ’0.042

0.048

āˆ’0.020

0.379

ā€ƒHaving influence on society

āˆ’0.012

0.048

āˆ’0.006

0.806

āˆ’0.038

0.048

āˆ’0.018

0.435

āˆ’0.023

0.049

āˆ’0.011

0.643

ā€ƒActively challenging

āˆ’0.023

0.048

āˆ’0.011

0.626

āˆ’0.031

0.049

āˆ’0.015

0.522

0.008

0.049

0.004

0.862

ā€ƒCherishing familiar people

āˆ’0.138

0.042

āˆ’0.075

0.001

āˆ’0.109

0.042

āˆ’0.059

0.010

āˆ’0.100

0.043

āˆ’0.055

0.019

ā€ƒGraduating from a famous school

āˆ’0.275

0.057

āˆ’0.111

0.000

āˆ’0.251

0.057

āˆ’0.102

0.000

āˆ’0.136

0.053

āˆ’0.055

0.011

ā€ƒMaintaining a stable life

āˆ’0.192

0.048

āˆ’0.092

0.000

āˆ’0.172

0.049

āˆ’0.082

0.000

āˆ’0.137

0.049

āˆ’0.066

0.005

Hyperbolic (Nā€‰=ā€‰1958)

ā€ƒCommitment to value

āˆ’1.055

0.547

āˆ’0.044

0.054

āˆ’0.960

0.547

āˆ’0.040

0.079

āˆ’1.093

0.547

āˆ’0.045

0.046

ā€ƒNot bothering others

0.059

0.153

0.009

0.699

0.041

0.152

0.006

0.789

0.018

0.152

0.003

0.904

ā€ƒBeing evaluated by others

0.019

0.160

0.003

0.905

0.017

0.159

0.002

0.915

āˆ’0.021

0.158

āˆ’0.003

0.896

ā€ƒHaving and keeping a belief

āˆ’0.181

0.161

āˆ’0.025

0.261

āˆ’0.177

0.162

āˆ’0.025

0.273

āˆ’0.228

0.161

āˆ’0.032

0.155

ā€ƒEconomically succeeding

āˆ’0.148

0.176

āˆ’0.019

0.398

āˆ’0.115

0.175

āˆ’0.015

0.512

āˆ’0.149

0.176

āˆ’0.019

0.397

ā€ƒImproving society

āˆ’0.099

0.166

āˆ’0.013

0.551

āˆ’0.088

0.166

āˆ’0.012

0.598

āˆ’0.130

0.165

āˆ’0.018

0.431

ā€ƒExploring what you were interested in

āˆ’0.142

0.160

āˆ’0.020

0.375

āˆ’0.107

0.159

āˆ’0.015

0.503

āˆ’0.126

0.158

āˆ’0.018

0.426

ā€ƒHaving influence on society

āˆ’0.318

0.162

āˆ’0.044

0.050

āˆ’0.294

0.162

āˆ’0.041

0.069

āˆ’0.326

0.162

āˆ’0.045

0.045

ā€ƒActively challenging

āˆ’0.197

0.163

āˆ’0.027

0.226

āˆ’0.176

0.163

āˆ’0.024

0.280

āˆ’0.226

0.162

āˆ’0.031

0.163

ā€ƒCherishing familiar people

0.069

0.143

0.011

0.628

0.062

0.142

0.010

0.662

0.048

0.142

0.008

0.734

ā€ƒGraduating from a famous school

0.204

0.191

0.024

0.286

0.233

0.191

0.028

0.221

0.113

0.176

0.013

0.522

ā€ƒMaintaining a stable life

0.196

0.163

0.027

0.230

0.201

0.163

0.028

0.217

0.148

0.162

0.021

0.361

  1. * No variable was significant at pā€‰<ā€‰0.0045 (Bonferroniā€™s correction) for priority area of value
  2. a Regression of commitment to values or each area-specific score of priority values on time preference, and other covariates; standard regression coefficient (b), standard error (SE), and ps for significance are shown
  3. b Adjusted for sex and age groups in the analysis of time discount (discrate); adjusted for sex, age groups, and the response to Q2 in the analysis of hyperbolic time discount
  4. c Additionally adjusted for educational attainment, job status, marital status, parental education, and economic hardship at age 15