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Table 2 Association between time preference and personal values (commitment to value and area of priority values) at present (in adulthood) assessed in a community adult sample of Japan: Multiple linear regression analysisa

From: Time preference and personal value: a population-based cross-sectional study in Japan

Ā 

Crude

Sex & age adjustedb

Fully adjustedc

b

SE

beta

p

b

SE

beta

p

b

SE

beta

p

Discrate (Nā€‰=ā€‰1880)

ā€ƒCommitment to value

āˆ’0.273

0.143

āˆ’ā€‰0.044

0.056

āˆ’ā€‰0.294

0.144

āˆ’ā€‰0.047

0.042

āˆ’ā€‰0.161

0.144

āˆ’ā€‰0.026

0.263

ā€ƒNot bothering others

āˆ’0.034

0.030

āˆ’0.026

0.264

āˆ’0.023

0.030

āˆ’0.018

0.444

āˆ’0.028

0.031

āˆ’ā€‰0.021

0.367

ā€ƒBeing evaluated by others

āˆ’0.029

0.045

āˆ’ā€‰0.015

0.515

āˆ’0.060

0.045

āˆ’ā€‰0.031

0.187

āˆ’ā€‰0.049

0.046

āˆ’0.025

0.281

ā€ƒHaving and keeping a belief

āˆ’0.011

0.038

āˆ’0.007

0.772

āˆ’0.013

0.039

āˆ’0.008

0.730

0.003

0.039

0.002

0.932

ā€ƒEconomically succeeding

āˆ’0.085

0.037

āˆ’0.053

0.023

āˆ’0.100

0.038

āˆ’0.062

0.008

āˆ’0.089

0.038

āˆ’0.055

0.019

ā€ƒImproving society

āˆ’0.087

0.039

āˆ’0.052

0.025

āˆ’0.062

0.039

āˆ’0.037

0.113

āˆ’0.046

0.040

āˆ’0.027

0.250

ā€ƒExploring what you were interested in

0.011

0.039

0.007

0.777

0.007

0.039

0.004

0.858

0.022

0.040

0.013

0.573

ā€ƒHaving influence on society

āˆ’ā€‰0.013

0.046

āˆ’0.007

0.775

āˆ’ā€‰0.024

0.046

āˆ’0.012

0.609

āˆ’0.020

0.047

āˆ’0.010

0.669

ā€ƒActively challenging

āˆ’0.072

0.041

āˆ’0.040

0.082

āˆ’0.081

0.042

āˆ’0.045

0.054

āˆ’0.064

0.042

āˆ’0.036

0.131

ā€ƒCherishing familiar people

āˆ’0.112

0.029

āˆ’0.090

<ā€‰0.001*

āˆ’0.087

0.029

āˆ’0.070

0.002*

āˆ’0.075

0.029

āˆ’0.060

0.009

ā€ƒGraduating from a famous school

āˆ’0.149

0.053

āˆ’0.065

0.005

āˆ’0.120

0.054

āˆ’0.052

0.027

āˆ’0.065

0.054

āˆ’0.028

0.223

ā€ƒMaintaining a stable life

āˆ’0.147

0.031

āˆ’0.107

<ā€‰0.001*

āˆ’0.126

0.031

āˆ’0.092

<ā€‰0.001*

āˆ’ā€‰0.114

0.032

āˆ’ā€‰0.084

<ā€‰0.001*

Hyperbolic (N=1,958)

ā€ƒCommitment to value

0.016

0.484

0.001

0.974

0.048

0.484

0.002

0.921

āˆ’0.130

0.479

āˆ’0.006

0.787

ā€ƒNot bothering others

āˆ’0.057

0.101

āˆ’0.013

0.572

āˆ’0.057

0.101

āˆ’0.013

0.577

āˆ’0.051

0.101

āˆ’0.012

0.612

ā€ƒBeing evaluated by others

0.219

0.151

0.033

0.148

0.240

0.151

0.036

0.113

0.239

0.152

0.036

0.116

ā€ƒHaving and keeping a belief

āˆ’0.148

0.129

āˆ’0.026

0.252

āˆ’0.149

0.129

āˆ’0.026

0.248

āˆ’0.185

0.130

āˆ’0.032

0.154

ā€ƒEconomically succeeding

0.011

0.125

0.002

0.928

0.032

0.125

0.006

0.797

0.008

0.125

0.001

0.952

ā€ƒImproving society

āˆ’0.098

0.132

āˆ’0.017

0.456

āˆ’0.105

0.132

āˆ’0.018

0.426

āˆ’0.125

0.132

āˆ’0.021

0.345

ā€ƒExploring what you were interested in

0.034

0.132

0.006

0.797

0.033

0.133

0.006

0.803

0.024

0.133

0.004

0.856

ā€ƒHaving influence on society

āˆ’0.169

0.155

āˆ’0.025

0.278

āˆ’0.164

0.155

āˆ’0.024

0.291

āˆ’0.185

0.156

āˆ’0.027

0.236

ā€ƒActively challenging

āˆ’0.004

0.141

āˆ’0.001

0.979

0.002

0.141

<ā€‰0.001

0.986

āˆ’0.015

0.141

āˆ’0.002

0.913

ā€ƒCherishing familiar people

āˆ’0.149

0.097

āˆ’0.035

0.124

āˆ’0.153

0.096

āˆ’0.036

0.110

āˆ’0.171

0.095

āˆ’0.040

0.073

ā€ƒGraduating from a famous school

āˆ’0.101

0.181

āˆ’0.013

0.577

āˆ’0.097

0.181

āˆ’0.012

0.591

āˆ’0.154

0.179

āˆ’0.019

0.391

ā€ƒMaintaining a stable life

āˆ’0.058

0.106

āˆ’0.012

0.587

āˆ’0.061

0.105

āˆ’0.013

0.562

āˆ’0.069

0.106

āˆ’0.015

0.514

  1. * Significant at pā€‰<ā€‰0.0045 (Bonferroniā€™s correction) for priority area of value
  2. a Regression of commitment to values or each area-specific score of priority values on time preference, and other covariates; standard regression coefficient (b), standard error (SE), and ps for significance are shown
  3. b Adjusted for sex and age groups in the analysis of time discount (discrate); adjusted for sex, age groups, and the response to Q2 in the analysis of hyperbolic time discount
  4. c Additionally adjusted for educational attainment, job status, marital status, parental education, and economic hardship at age 15