Table 1 Demographic characteristics, time preference indicators, and personal values at age 15 and at present in a community adult sample in Japan
From: Time preference and personal value: a population-based cross-sectional study in Japan
| Ā | Sample used for analysis on discrate (Nā=ā1880) | Sample used for analysis on hyperbolic (Nā=ā1958) | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
n | % | Mean | SD | n | % | Mean | SD | |
Sex (male) | 1048 | 55.7% | Ā | Ā | 1099 | 58.5% | Ā | Ā |
Age | ||||||||
ā20ā39 | 385 | 20.5% | Ā | Ā | 401 | 20.5% | Ā | Ā |
ā40ā49 | 800 | 42.6% | Ā | Ā | 824 | 42.1% | Ā | Ā |
ā50ā60 | 695 | 37.0% | Ā | Ā | 733 | 37.4% | Ā | Ā |
Educational attainment | ||||||||
āJunior high | 50 | 2.7% | Ā | Ā | 54 | 2.8% | Ā | Ā |
āHigh school graduate | 331 | 17.9% | Ā | Ā | 351 | 17.9% | Ā | Ā |
āSome college | 642 | 34.8% | Ā | Ā | 676 | 34.5% | Ā | Ā |
āUniversity graduate | 857 | 46.4% | Ā | Ā | 799 | 40.8% | Ā | Ā |
Job status (working) | 1602 | 86.7% | Ā | Ā | 1668 | 85.2% | Ā | Ā |
Marital status (married) | 1433 | 77.6% | Ā | Ā | 1493 | 76.3% | Ā | Ā |
Parental education (university or higher) | 702 | 38.0% | Ā | Ā | 733 | 37.4% | Ā | Ā |
Economic hardship at age 15 | 352 | 19.1% | Ā | Ā | 365 | 18.6% | Ā | Ā |
Personal value:a | ||||||||
Commitment to value at age 15 (16ā40) | Ā | Ā | 26.52 | 4.72 | Ā | Ā | 26.51 | 4.73 |
Area of priority value at age 15 (1ā7) | ||||||||
āNot bothering others | Ā | Ā | 5.62 | 1.33 | Ā | Ā | 5.62 | 1.33 |
āBeing evaluated by others | Ā | Ā | 4.91 | 1.38 | Ā | Ā | 4.90 | 1.38 |
āHaving and keeping a belief | Ā | Ā | 4.83 | 1.39 | Ā | Ā | 4.83 | 1.40 |
āEconomically succeeding | Ā | Ā | 4.23 | 1.52 | Ā | Ā | 4.23 | 1.52 |
āImproving society | Ā | Ā | 3.77 | 1.43 | Ā | Ā | 3.76 | 1.44 |
āExploring what you were interested in | Ā | Ā | 5.16 | 1.38 | Ā | Ā | 5.16 | 1.39 |
āHaving influence on society | Ā | Ā | 3.27 | 1.40 | Ā | Ā | 3.27 | 1.41 |
āActively challenging | Ā | Ā | 4.50 | 1.41 | Ā | Ā | 4.49 | 1.41 |
āCherishing familiar people | Ā | Ā | 5.55 | 1.23 | Ā | Ā | 5.55 | 1.24 |
āGraduating from a famous school | Ā | Ā | 4.32 | 1.66 | Ā | Ā | 4.31 | 1.66 |
āMaintaining a stable life | Ā | Ā | 4.88 | 1.41 | Ā | Ā | 4.88 | 1.41 |
Commitment to value at present (16ā40) | Ā | Ā | 28.78 | 4.17 | Ā | Ā | 28.76 | 4.18 |
Area of priority value at present (1ā7) | ||||||||
āNot bothering others | Ā | Ā | 6.25 | 0.88 | Ā | Ā | 6.25 | 0.88 |
āBeing evaluated by others | Ā | Ā | 4.77 | 1.31 | Ā | Ā | 4.77 | 1.31 |
āHaving and keeping a belief | Ā | Ā | 5.56 | 1.12 | Ā | Ā | 5.56 | 1.12 |
āEconomically succeeding | Ā | Ā | 5.35 | 1.09 | Ā | Ā | 5.36 | 1.08 |
āImproving society | Ā | Ā | 5.00 | 1.14 | Ā | Ā | 5.00 | 1.14 |
āExploring what you were interested in | Ā | Ā | 5.41 | 1.13 | Ā | Ā | 5.40 | 1.14 |
āHaving influence on society | Ā | Ā | 3.81 | 1.34 | Ā | Ā | 3.81 | 1.34 |
āActively challenging | Ā | Ā | 5.24 | 1.21 | Ā | Ā | 5.24 | 1.22 |
āCherishing familiar people | Ā | Ā | 6.47 | 0.84 | Ā | Ā | 6.47 | 0.84 |
āGraduating from a famous school | Ā | Ā | 4.14 | 1.56 | Ā | Ā | 4.13 | 1.57 |
āMaintaining a stable life | Ā | Ā | 6.11 | 0.92 | Ā | Ā | 6.11 | 0.92 |
Time preference | ||||||||
āDiscrate | Ā | Ā | ā0.07 | 0.67 | Ā | Ā | NAb | NAb |
āHyperbolic | 72 | 3.8% | Ā | Ā | 78 | 4.0% | Ā | Ā |