Contextual factors
|
Socio-demographics and context
|
Age (in years)
|
0.80 (0.69; 0.93)
|
0.96 (0.78; 1.18)
|
Gender
|
Male
|
Ref.
|
Ref.
|
Female
|
0.73 (0.38; 1.38)
|
1.09 (0.48; 2.49)
|
Intermediate vocational educationc
|
Level 1–3
|
Ref.
|
Ref.
|
Level 4
|
0.78 (0.39; 1.57)
|
1.23 (0.52; 2.92)
|
Ethnic background
|
Dutch
|
Ref.
|
Ref.
|
Non-Dutch
|
0.95 (0.49; 1.86)
|
0.80 (0.34; 1.87)
|
Living situation
|
With caretaker
|
Ref.
|
Ref.
|
Not with caretaker
|
0.21 (0.07; 0.61)
|
0.25 (0.05; 1.36)
|
Perceived school performance
|
> Average
|
Ref.
|
Ref.
|
≤ Average
|
0.59 (0.32; 1.08)
|
0.88 (0.43; 1.83)
|
Risk behaviors
|
Current smoking
|
No
|
Ref.
|
Ref.
|
Yes
|
0.53 (0.28; 1.01)
|
0.90 (0.39; 2.07)
|
Binge drinkingd
|
0 times/4 weeks
|
Ref.
|
Ref.
|
≥ 1 time/4 weeks
|
0.71 (0.41; 1.24)
|
0.67 (0.34; 1.35)
|
Cannabis use
|
0 times/4 weeks
|
Ref.
|
Ref.
|
≥ 1 time/4 weeks
|
0.25 (0.10; 0.60)
|
0.59 (0.18; 1.93)
|
Criminal behavior
|
0 times/year
|
Ref.
|
Ref.
|
≥ 1 time/year
|
0.50 (0.16; 1.62)
|
0.86 (0.21; 3.57)
|
Truancy
|
0 h
|
Ref.
|
Ref.
|
1–5 h
|
1.10 (0.60; 2.02)
|
1.66 (0.77; 3.57)
|
≥ 6 h
|
0.36 (0.10; 1.26)
|
0.67 (0.14; 3.10)
|
Indicators of health status
|
Sickness absence (days/ 8 weeks)
|
0.93 (0.89; 0.98)
|
0.98 (0.93; 1.04)
|
Depressive symptoms (CES-D scale)
|
0.90 (0.87; 0.93)
|
0.90 (0.86; 0.93)
|