Patients with chronic pain: evaluating depression and their quality of life in a single center study in Greece

Ekaterini Rapti; Dimitrios Damigos; Paraskevi Apostolara; Vasiliki Roka; Chara Tzavara; Christos Lionis

doi:10.1186/s40359-019-0366-0

BMC Psychology

Table 4 Univariate analysis results for EQ-5D and PHQ-9 in the group of subjects that reported chronic pain (N = 113)

From: Patients with chronic pain: evaluating depression and their quality of life in a single center study in Greece

	EQ-5D score	Value (df)	P	PHQ9 score	Value (df)	P
	Mean (SD)	Value (df)	P	Mean (SD)	Value (df)	P
Sex
Men	0.72 (0.25)	2.84 (103) ⁺	0.005⁺	3.18 (2.74)	−3.44 (103) ⁺	0.001⁺
Women	0.57 (0.26)			7.06 (5.60)
Age, r	−0.05^‡	103^‡‡	0.634	−0.10^‡	103^‡‡	0.321
Family status
Married/ in a relationship	0.64 (0.26)	2.10 (103) ⁺	0.038⁺	5.21 (4.35)	−2.07 (103) ⁺	0.041⁺
Single/ Divorced/ Widowed	0.51 (0.28)			7.84 (6.12)
Children
No	0.54 (0.34)	0.90 (100) ⁺	0.373⁺	7.00 (5.85)	−0.86 (99) ⁺	0.394⁺
Yes	0.62 (0.26)			5.54 (5.50)
Working
No	0.60 (0.27)	1.46 (103) ⁺	0.148⁺	6.19 (5.65)	−1.29 (103) ⁺	0.200⁺
Yes	0.69 (0.25)			4.43 (3.44)
Educational status
Primary school	0.55 (0.29)	2.67 (2. 102) ⁺⁺	0.074⁺⁺	6.18 (5.72)	0.57 (2. 102) ⁺⁺	0.567⁺⁺
Middle/High school	0.67 (0.24)			6.00 (5.80)
University	0.68 (0.23)			4.56 (4.08)
Smoking
No	0.61 (0.28)	0.21 (103) ⁺⁺	0.838⁺	5.16 (4.39)	1.69 (103) ⁺⁺	0.095⁺
Yes	0.62 (0.24)			7.08 (5.89)
Alcohol
No	0.61 (0.27)	0.65 (103) ⁺	0.520⁺	6.00 (5.58)	−0.61 (103) ⁺	0.546⁺
Yes	0.65 (0.27)			5.15 (4.91)
Chronic physical problem
No	0.64 (0.26)	−0.38 (103) ⁺	0.702⁺	5.23 (4.97)	0.57 (103) ⁺	0.569⁺
Yes	0.61 (0.27)			6.00 (5.80)
Chronic mental disorder
No	0.68 (0.22)	−4.81 (103) ⁺	< 0.001⁺	4.93 (4.86)	3.28 (103) ⁺	0.001⁺
Yes	0.40 (0.31)			9.09 (6.95)
Duration of pain	−0.04^‡	93^‡‡	0.686	−0.12^‡	95^‡‡	0.25
Specialist consultation for pain relief
No	0.71 (0.22)	−1.84 (103) ⁺	0.069⁺	4.80 (6.14)	0.92 (103) ⁺	0.361⁺
Yes	0.59 (0.28)			6.08 (5.50)
Pain depends on weather changes
No	0.67 (0.27)	−1.22 (102) ⁺	0.224⁺	3.71 (2.93)	2.48 (102) ⁺	0.015⁺
Yes	0.6 (0.27)			6.52 (5.43)
Pain Severity Score, r	−0.65^‡	104^‡‡	< 0.001	0.44^‡	105^‡‡	< 0.001
Pain Interference Score, r	−0.62^‡	102^‡‡	< 0.001	0.50^‡	104^‡‡	< 0.001
Depression score PHQ-9, r	−0.63^‡	100^‡‡	< 0.001

‡Pearson’s correlation coefficient; ‡‡degrees of freedom for Pearson’s correlation coefficient; ⁺Student’s t-test [t-value (DF) is stated]; ⁺⁺ANOVA [F-value (df₁,df₂) are stated]

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ISSN: 2050-7283

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