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Table 2 Correlations between all variables used in Research questions 1 and 2

From: Urbanicity, hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis functioning, and behavioral and emotional problems in children: a path analysis

 

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

12

13

14

15

1. Urbanicity

–

.13

.06

−.07

−.01

−.02

−.04

−.48

−.13

–

−.05

−.07

.04

.01

–

2. BP

.07

–

.40

−.02

−.06

−.06

−.02

−.10

−.19

–

−.03

−.03

−.19

.02

–

3. EP

.18

.28

–

.04

.16

.08

.00

−.05

−.11

–

−.02

.02

.11

−.11

–

4. AUCi

.02

−.11

−.06

–

.44

.08

.03

.01

−.04

–

−.06

.19

.14

−.13

–

5. AUCg

−.14

−.01

.02

.15

–

.32

.01

−.06

−.12

–

−.13

.16

.19

−.23

–

6. CAR

–

–

–

–

–

–

−.35

−.02

.09

–

.03

.06

.14

−.04

–

7. Decline

−.19

−.02

.01

−.01

.68

–

–

.11

.10

–

.00

−.11

.08

.13

–

8. SES-E

−.43

−.16

−.13

.01

.16

–

.13

–

.40

–

.05

.08

−.03

−.00

–

9. SES-I

.08

.03

−.00

−.04

.00

–

−.02

.20

–

–

.20

.01

.00

−.03

–

10. SES-M

.64

.02

.17

−.01

−.09

–

−.11

−.13

−.09

–

–

–

–

–

–

11. Family SES

.14

.04

−.03

−.11

.10

–

.02

−.01

.24

.01

–

.01

.03

−.01

–

12. Age

.00

.09

.03

.08

.04

–

.01

−.08

.03

−.09

.03

–

−.02

−.11

–

13. Sex

−.01

−.07

.04

−.03

.10

–

.08

.13

.09

.06

.15

−.09

–

−.05

–

14. Season

.05

.12

−.07

.02

.02

–

.11

−.09

−.02

−.02

.12

.37

.01

–

–

15. Time

.13

−.00

.10

.06

.25

–

.31

−.05

.03

.11

.01

.04

−.20

.00

–

  1. bold = p < .01; italics = p < .05.
  2. Note. Correlations are indicated by Spearman’s coefficients. Coefficients in the top right half are from the JOiN study; coefficients in the bottom left half are from the BIBO study. BP = behavioral problems; EP = emotional problems; AUCi = area under the curve with respect to increase; AUCg = area under the curve with respect to ground; CAR = cortisol awakening response; SES = socioeconomic status; E = employment; I = income; M = multi-ethnicity; Time = time between basal cortisol 1 and basal cortisol 4