Table 2 Study characteristics (main studies (bold type) and concomitant publications reported together)
From: Empirical research in clinical supervision: a systematic review and suggestions for future studies
Publication | Design | Intervention group (n patient) | Control group (n patient) | Ass | Q | Main outcomes | Negative effects |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Anderson (2012) [31] | Cohort | Cohort year 2: Time-limited PD-SV Cohort year 3: Some early SV | Cohort year 1: No SV (84 all groups) | R | 12 | Sign. better adherence, therapeutic relationship and advanced PD techniques in PD-SV Small effects that do not seem sustainable | N/S |
Anderson (2017) [46] | Cohort | Directive SV | Non-directive SV (40 both groups) | R | 11 | Sign. greater adherence of SVees if SVor used directive style Alternative explanations: SVor personality, didactic methods, individual differences of SVees | – |
Bambling (2006) [32] | RCT | Alliance process-focused SV (34) Alliance skill-focused SV (31) | No SV (38) | Q, R | 9 | Sign. increased therapeutic alliance and decreased depression in all groups, group differences after session 1 Pat. in SV groups sign. More satisfied and less dropout than in control group | – |
Davidson (2017) [33] | Cluster RCT | FB to SVee and SVor on Pat outcome, alerts as to worsening (16) | FB to SVee on Pat outcome, no alert (25) | Q | 13 | Pat. in control group sign. Less distressed (post, FU), also in therapists’ ratings, but with more sessions Large pat. and therapist drop-out | risk for self-harm evaluated |
Grossl (2014) [34] | RCT | FB to SVee and SVor on Pat outcome | SAU (138 both groups) | Q | 12 | N.s. differences between groups SVees in intervention group sign. More satisfied with SV | – |
Hiltunen (2013) [35] | CS | CBT-SAU (35) | – | Q | 13 | Perceived satisfaction with SV | – |
Locke (2001) [36] | CS | Live-SV (108) | – | Q | 13 | Pat. felt comfortable with Live-SV Perceived helpfulness and low intrusiveness of Live-SV predicted therapy satisfaction | – |
Lu (2012) [37] | CS | CBT-SV with fidelity FB (26) | – | Q, R | 14 | SV and E-mail FB perceived as helpful, pat. Symptoms sign. Decreased 91% of SVees achieved certification with first training case | – |
Martino (2016) [38] | RCT | SV on MI (227) | SAU (223) | R, I, T | 10 | Sign. greater increase in SVee competency in intervention group (post, FU) N.s. differences in pat. Retention and substance abuse, MI-SV more cost-intensive | 27 adverse events, unrelated |
Milne (2011) [39] | N = 1 (ABA) | B: Evidence-based clinical SV (3) | A: CBT-SV | Q, R, I, O | 14 | Intervention perceived as better, experiential learning and high acceptance in both groups | Anxious, rushed, taxing |
Milne (2013) [47] | S/A | S/A | S/A | R | 15 | Apparent SVor fidelity and perceived experiential learning in SVees | – |
Ng (2007) [40] | Pre- post | SV to CBT for psychosis (10) | – | R, CF | 15 | More acceptable case formulations and sign. Better therapeutic competences after SV | – |
Rizvi (2016) [41] | N = 1 (ABA) | B: BITE-SV (1) | A: SAU | Q, R | 11 | Pat/SVee perceived BITE as acceptable, SVee perceived increase in DBT confidence, adequate adherence | – |
Smith (2012) [42] | RCT | Live phone-SV on MI with standardized Pat | Audiotape-based phone-SV on MI with standard. Pat; No SV | R | 10 | Intervention with sign. Greater global MI integrity and skill than Audiotape-based SV than No SV Audiotape-based SV sign. Better in increasing complex reflections | N/S |
Weck (2016) [43] | RCT | BITE-SV (19) | Delayed video-based SAU (23) | Q, R | 11 | Sign. better therapeutic alliance and competence in intervention group N.s. differences when controlling for baseline scores and for pat. Outcomes | – |
Jakob (2013) [48] | CS | BITE subgroup (10) | – | Q | 13 | High acceptance, perceived helpfulness and usefulness by Pat, SVee, SVors | Split attention |
Jakob (2015) [49] | CS | BITE subgroup (8) | – | I | 10 | Positive perception of an added value by BITE e.g., on therapeutic competence For SVees, organizational efforts and anxiety at the beginning | Stress |
Willutzki (2005) [44] | Cohort | Additionally requested CBT-SAU | Regular CBT-SAU (104 in total cohort) | Q | 14 | Perceived problematic therapeutic alliance before additionally requested SV (Pat, SVee) Small effects on improved therapeutic alliance after SV, high satisfaction with SV | – |
Zarbock (2009) [45] | CS | SAU: Multimodal BT (90) | – | Q | 13 | Supervisory relationship as best predictor of overall SV satisfaction Low correlation between SVor and SVee ratings of SV | – |