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Table 4 Hierarchical regression analysis testing EMS domains as predictors of MAAS QMB

From: Early maladaptive schemas as predictors of maternal bonding to the unborn child

Block

Predictors

b (95% CI)

SE B

β

p

R 2

1

Maternal age

0.11 (− 0.06, 0.29)

0.09

.11

.230

.15

Parenting experience

0.03 (− 1.25, 1.27)

0.64

.00

.958

 

Maternal educationa

 Upper secondary school or lower

1.98 (−0.40, 4.43)

1.23

.16

.105

 

 Up to 4 years of higher education

1.07 (−0.46, 2.55)

0.77

.12

.167

 

Gross annual household incomeb

 351,000–750,000 (45,108–96,386 USD)

−0.76 (−4.25, 3.01)

1.83

−.08

.663

 

 750,000 or more (96,515 USD or more)

0.28 (− 2.89, 3.92)

1.72

.03

.866

 

Mental health help seeking

0.48 (− 1.37, 2.16)

0.90

.05

.598

 

Previous experience with being depressed

−2.11 (−3.88, −0.38)

0.89

−.24

.020

 

Previous lack of joy

−1.56 (−3.18, −0.08)

0.79

−.19

.052

 

2

Maternal age

0.12 (−0.06, 0.29)

0.09

.12

.193

.32

Parenting experience

−0.29 (−1.48, 0.86)

0.59

−.04

.625

 

Maternal educationa

 Upper secondary school or lower

1.59 (−0.45, 3.53)

1.02

.13

.123

 

 Up to 4 years of higher education

0.96 (−0.50, 2.32)

0.72

.11

.192

 

Gross annual household incomeb

 351,000–750,000 (45,108–96,386 USD)

−1.08 (−4.95, 2.96)

2.00

−.12

.571

 

 750,000 or more (96,515 USD or more)

−0.49 (− 4.18, 3.44)

1.93

−.06

.785

 

Mental health help seeking

1.12 (−0.47, 2.67)

0.79

.12

.163

 

Previous experience with being depressed

−1.55 (−3.19, 0.03)

0.81

−.18

.063

 

Previous lack of joy

−0.89 (−2.49, 0.64)

0.79

−.11

.260

 

Disconnection and Rejection

−2.66 (−5.34, −0.23)

1.29

−.36

.045

 

Impaired Autonomy and Performance

−0.71 (−3.52, 1.70)

1.33

−.08

.593

 

Excessive Responsibility and Standards

0.67 (−0.79, 2.24)

0.76

.11

.386

 

Impaired Limits

−1.12 (−2.97, 0.54)

0.89

−.14

.213

 
  1. EMS early maladaptive schemas, MAAS Maternal Antenatal Attachment Scale, QMB quality of maternal bonding, IPF intensity of preoccupation with the fetus; avariables were dummy coded with four or more years of higher education as a reference; bvariables were dummy coded with 350,000 NOK (44,980 USD) or less as reference; “Mental health help seeking” = having been in contact with professionals for mental health issues; “Previous experience with being depressed” = Previous experience with being depressed most of the day, almost every day for a period of 2 weeks; “Previous lack of joy” = Having previously had a 2-week period of diminished ability to enjoy things one has usually found enjoyable; confidence intervals and standard errors were based on 9986 bootstrap samples, as SPSS did not manage to generate the requested 10,000 samples; N = 163