Table 3 Association between parent-adolescent bonding and mental health among Vietnamese adolescents

 Male

0.51 (0.41, 0.62) ***

0.42 (0.34, 0.53)***

0.79 (0.63, 1.01)

0.71 (0.55, 0.92)*

 Female

1

1

1

1

 Junior high school

0.69 (0.57, 0.84) ***

0.67 (0.54, 0.83)***

0.65 (0.51, 0.82)***

0.63 (0.49, 0.81)***

 Senior high school

1

1

1

1

 Never/Rarely

0.62 (0.25, 1.54)

0.82 (0.31, 2.15)

0.49 (0.18, 1.30)

0.68 (0.24, 1.92)

 Sometimes

1.00 (0.40, 2.52)

1.04 (0.39, 2.76)

0.76 (0.28, 2.04)

0.84 (0.29, 2.40)

 Most of the time/Always

1

1

1

1

 Yes

0.41 (0.32, 0.53) ***

0.61 (0.46, 0.81)***

0.58 (0.44, 0.77)***

0.81 (0.58, 1.10)

 No

1

1

1

1

 Yes

0.39 (0.31, 0.50) ***

0.52 (0.40, 0.67)***

0.51 (0.39, 0.66)***

0.62 (0.46, 0.83)***

 No

1

1

1

1

 Yes

1.75 (1.36, 2.25)***

1.96 (1.49, 2.57)***

2.29 (1.73, 3.02)***

2.35 (1.75, 3.15)***

 No

1

1

1

1

 Yes

0.66 (0.54, 0.80)***

0.84 (0.68, 1.04)

0.71 (0.56, 0.90)*

0.88 (0.68, 1.13)

 No

1

1

1

1

 Yes

0.33 (0.23, 0.47)***

0.41 (0.28, 0.60)***

0.24 (0.17, 0.35)***

0.31 (0.21, 0.45)***

 No

1

1

1

1

 Yes

1.47 (1.18, 1.85) ***

1.06 (0.79, 1.41)

1.48 (1.14, 1.93)**

0.99 (0.71, 1.39)

 No

1

1

1

1

 Yes

1.84 (1.45, 2.33)***

2.02 (1.50, 2.72)***

1.72 (1.30, 2.27)***

1.53 (1.09, 2.15)*

 No

1

1

1

1

 Yes

1.72 (1.39, 2.14)***

1.29 (1.01, 1.66)*

2.11 (1.65, 2.71)***

1.80 (1.35, 2.38)***

 No

1

1

1

1