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Table 2 Unadjusted Enrollment, Pre- and Post- Intervention Outcomes, Overall and by Randomization Group

From: Music-instruction intervention for treatment of post-traumatic stress disorder: a randomized pilot study

 

Enrollment Score μ (SD)

Pre-Intervention Score μ (SD)

Change in Scorea (p-value)

Post-Intervention Score μ (SD)

Change in Scoreb (p-value)

Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PCL-C)

 Overall

 

66.7 (9.3)

 

52.0 (14.3)

−14.6 (< 0.0001)

 Delayed Entry

69.2 (9.5)

63.7 (10.2)

−5.6 (0.06)

52.6 (15.4)

−11.1 (0.007)

 Immediate Entry

 

67.9 (8.8)

 

51.8 (14.2)

−16.1 (< 0.0001)

Depression (BDI-II)

 Overall

 

30.3 (8.4)

 

21.6 (11.9)

−8.7 (< 0.0001)

 Delayed Entry

33.3 (11.4)

29.4 (8.7)

−4.9 (0.02)

21.2 (9.7)

−8.2 (0.0003)

 Immediate Entry

 

30.7 (8.4)

 

21.7 (12.9)

−9.0 (0.004)

Social Functioning (UCLA Loneliness Scale)

 Overall

 

56.1 (3.9)

 

54.6 (3.8)

−1.5 (0.08)

 Delayed Entry

57.2 (3.0)

56.7 (3.6)

0.5 (0.66)

54.8 (2.9)

−1.9 (0.29)

 Immediate Entry

 

55.8 (4.1)

 

54.5 (4.1)

−1.3 (0.17)

Quality of Life (EuroQoL)

 Overall

 

0.461 (0.28)

 

0.56 (0.22)

0.098 (0.03)

 Delayed Entry

0.206 (0.276)

0.459 (0.30)

0.254 (0.05)

0.478 (0.26)

0.018 (0.80)

 Immediate Entry

 

0.462 (0.28)

 

0.596 (0.19)

0.134 (0.02)

Cognitive Difficulties (CFQ)

 Overall

 

60.0 (17.3)

 

52.0 (19.9)

−8.0 (0.006)

 Delayed Entry

62.9 (15.6)

57.8 (15.7)

−5.1 (0.05)

54.3 (22.3)

−4.3 (0.37)

 Immediate Entry

 

60.7 (18.5)

 

51.0 (19.1)

−9.7 (0.009)

  1. P-values forthcoming from comparison of means using two-sided paired t-tests. Differences at or below the threshold of p < 0.05 are marked in bold
  2. aValues reflect change in score during wait period among veterans randomized to delayed entry (A1-X, Fig. 1)
  3. b Values reflect change in score between pre- and post-intervention periods for each group, that is, (B-A) and (B1-A1) in Fig. 1 for immediate and delayed entry, respectively