Table 1 Sample Characteristics and Central Constructs for CFS, ISF, and Well Group
From: Patterns of control beliefs in chronic fatigue syndrome: results of a population-based survey
Groups | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Variable | CFS (n = 113) | ISF (n = 264) | Well (n = 124) | p | ||||||
n (%) | n (%) | n (%) | ||||||||
Sex | ||||||||||
Female | 92 (81.4) | 201 (76.1) | 93 (75) | .44 | ||||||
Male | 21 (18.6) | 63 (23.9) | 31 (25) | |||||||
Race | ||||||||||
White | 84 (74.3) | 196 (74.2) | 95 (76.6) | .87 | ||||||
Non White | 29 (25.7) | 68 (25.8) | 29 (23.4) | |||||||
M (SD) | 95% CI | M (SD) | 95% CI | M (SD) | 95% CI | F | p | η 2 | post-hoc comparison | |
Age (years) | ||||||||||
Mean (SE) | 44.29 (.95) | 42.41–46.17 | 43.11 (.95) | 41.85–44.37 | 44.52 (.94) | 42.66–46.39 | 1.01 | .37 | 0.00 | |
Range | 18–59 | 18–59 | 19–59 | |||||||
Control beliefs | ||||||||||
Internal control | 7.19 (.56) | 6.07–8.31 | 8.60 (.39) | 7.85–9.36 | 10.17 (.54) | 9.11–11.23 | 7.00 | .004 | 0.03 | C = I; C < W; I = W |
Competence | 6.17 (.65) | 4.88–7.47 | 7.35 (.44) | 6.49–8.22 | 12.17 (.51) | 11.16–13.18 | 28.56 | <.001 | 0.10 | C = I < W |
Powerful others | −10.19 (.78) | −11.74– − 8.64 | −10.25 (.49) | −11.21– − 9.29 | −12.09 (.64) | −13.36– − 10.82 | 2.63 | .28 | 0.01 | |
Chance | −10.80 (.77) | −12.33– − 9.27 | −11.76 (.50) | −12.75– − 10.77 | −12.89 (.68) | −14.23– − 11.55 | 2.01 | .56 | 0.01 | |
Personality | ||||||||||
Neuroticism | 1.98 (.07) | 1.84–2.12 | 1.67 (.04) | 1.58–1.75 | .92 (.04) | 0.83–1.01 | 84.01 | <.001 | 0.25 | C > I > W |
Extraversion | 2.04 (.05) | 1.93–2.15 | 2.24 (.03) | 2.18–2.31 | 2.66 (.04) | 2.57–2.75 | 41.34 | <.001 | 0.14 | C < I < W |
Openness | 2.27 (.04) | 2.19–2.35 | 2.19 (.03) | 2.13–2.26 | 2.29 (.05) | 2.20–2.38 | 1.87 | .16 | 0.01 | |
Agreeableness | 2.79 (.04) | 2.71–2.88 | 2.79 (.03) | 2.74–2.84 | 3.06 (.03) | 2.99–3.13 | 17.01 | <.001 | 0.06 | C = I < W |
Conscientiousness | 2.71 (.05) | 2.61–2.81 | 2.82 (.03) | 2.76–2.88 | 3.07 (.04) | 2.99–3.15 | 16.56 | <.001 | 0.06 | C = I < W |
Coping | ||||||||||
Confrontive | 12.27 (.35) | 11.59–12.96 | 11.05 (.21) | 10.63–11.47 | 9.80 (.26) | 9.28–10.32 | 15.69 | <.001 | 0.06 | C = I > W |
Distancing | 11.58 (.33) | 10.92–12.24 | 11.45 (.21) | 11.04–11.87 | 10.41 (.26) | 9.90–10.93 | 5.00 | .056 | 0.02 | |
Self-Controlling | 16.35 (.39) | 15.57–17.12 | 15.72 (.27) | 15.20–16.25 | 14.64 (.38) | 13.89–15.39 | 4.96 | .056 | 0.02 | |
Seeking Support | 12.81 (.36) | 12.11–13.52 | 12.64 (.26) | 12.12–13.16 | 12.28 (.35) | 11.59–12.98 | 0.54 | >1.00 | 0.00 | |
Responsibility | 7.98 (.30) | 7.39–8.57 | 7.20 (.17) | 6.86–7.54 | 6.23 (.22) | 5.80–6.67 | 11.56 | <.001 | 0.04 | C = I; C > W; I = W |
Escape-Avoidance | 14.25 (.45) | 13.35–15.15 | 13.27 (.26) | 12.76–13.77 | 10.91 (.26) | 10.39–11.43 | 22.04 | <.001 | 0.08 | C = I > W |
Problem Solving | 14.26 (.39) | 13.48–15.03 | 14.18 (.25) | 13.68–14.68 | 13.91 (.41) | 13.11–14.71 | 0.24 | >1.00 | 0.00 | |
Reappraisal | 15.16 (.47) | 14.23–16.09 | 14.97 (.34) | 14.30–15.65 | 14.47 (.46) | 13.55–15.39 | 0.56 | >1.00 | 0.00 | |