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Table 7 Results of ordinal logit regression analyses of sense of belonging to local communitya (Community Perceptions)

From: Sense of belonging to local community in small-to-medium sized Canadian urban areas: a comparison of immigrant and Canadian-born residents

 

Model 1

Model 2

Model 3

 

All respondents

Canadian-born

Immigrants

Independent variables

Odds ratios

95 % CI

Odds ratios

95 % CI

Odds ratios

95 % CI

Quality of schools in neighbourhood

      

 Excellent

1.681d

1.17–2.39

1.604c

1.06–2.42

2.156c

1.04-4.45

 Very good

1.212

0.91–1.61

1.191

0.84–1.67

1.555

0.87–2.75

 Good

Reference

 

Reference

 

Reference

 

 Fair/poor

0.700

0.48–1.02

0.754

0.48–1.18

0.545

0.26–1.13

 Not sure

0.831

0.61–1.11

0.830

0.58–1.18

1.00

0.57–1.76

Quality of recreation programs in neighbourhood

      

 Excellent

1.759d

1.18–2.60

2.394d

1.53–3.72

0.676

0.26–1.73

 Very good

1.051

0.80–1.36

1.231

0.90–1.67

0.750

0.42–1.32

 Good

Reference

 

Reference

 

Reference

 

 Fair/poor

0.596d

0.43–0.81

0.542d

0.36–0.80

0.651

0.37–1.13

 Not sure

0.783

0.54–1.13

0.856

0.54–1.35

0.617

0.32-1.18

Know neighbours on first name basis?

      

 Very true

2.336d

1.62–3.36

2.260d

1.45–3.50

2.976d

1.48–5.97

 Fairly true

1.433c

1.01–2.01

1.406

0.93–2.12

1.875c

1.00–3.51

 Neutral

Reference

 

Reference

 

Reference

 

 Not very true

1.144

0.75–1.72

1.316

0.79–2.19

0.917

0.44–1.88

 Not at all true

0.920

0.58–1.45

1.024

0.58–1.80

0.982

0.43–2.21

Participate in social activities with neighbours?

      

 All the time/often

1.841d

1.36–2.49

1.987d

1.39–2.82

1.299

0.70–2.40

 Sometimes

Reference

 

Reference

 

Reference

 

 Hardly ever

0.778b

0.58–1.03

0.714c

0.51–0.99

0.969

0.54–1.73

 Never

0.345d

0.25–0.46

0.275d

0.18–0.40

0.457d

0.26–0.79

Agree that most people can be trusted?

      

 Very much

1.216

0.95–1.55

1.006

0.75–1.33

1.819c

1.08–3.05

 Somewhat

Reference

 

Reference

 

Reference

 

 A little

0.750b

0.55–1.01

0.720b

0.50–1.03

0.829

0.46–1.47

 Not much

0.648c

0.44–0.94

0.516d

0.33–0.80

1.145

0.56–2.32

City

      

 Hamilton

Reference

 

Reference

 

Reference

 

 Charlottetown

0.953

0.71–1.26

0.994

0.71–1.37

0.962

0.49-1.87

 Saskatoon

0.894

0.70–1.12

0.814

0.61–1.07

1.758c

1.04-2.94

Years lived in Canada

      

 5 or less

Reference

 

Reference

 

Reference

 

 6 to 10

--

 

--

 

1.450

0.62–3.37

 10 or more

--

 

--

 

1.654c

0.93–2.91

Observations

1,486

 

1,092

 

394

 

Pseudo R2

0.1077

 

0.1263

 

0.1005

 
  1. aThe dependent variable is sense of belonging to local community using a 4 point scale: 1-very weak, 2-somewhat weak, 3-somewhat strong, 4-very strong. The model used for estimation is Ordered Logit. Confidence intervals indicated. (b) significant at 10 %, (c) significant at 5 %, (d) significant at 1 %. Reference categories are included in the table