Table 1 Guidelines for translation and cultural adaptation process for patient-reported outcomes measures according to Wild et al. (2005)
From: Translation and cultural adaptation of the Illness Invalidation Inventory for use in Sweden
Translation procedure | |
1. Preparation | |
2. Forward translation | |
3. Reconciliation | |
4. Back translation | |
5. Back translation review | |
Cultural adaptation procedure | |
6. Harmonization | |
7. Cognitive debriefing | |
8. Review of cognitive debriefing results and finalization | |
9. Proof reading | |
10. Final report |