Table 1 Some examples of changes targeted by the various interventions
Cognitive/emotional changes | Behavioural changes |
|---|---|
• Problem solving skills (Abbott et al. [1998]; Coviello et al. [2009]; Platt et al. [1993]) | • Communication and drug-refusal skills (Abbott et al. [1998]) |
• Understanding feelings and behaviors (Woody et al. [1995]) | • Communication between clients and counselors (Joe et al. [1994]; Dansereau et al. [1996]) |
• Self-awareness and discipline (Aszalos et al. [1999]) | • Communication skills (Joe et al. [1997]) |
• Attention problems (Joe et al. [1994]) | • Change in activities, such as avoiding drug-using friends (Farabee et al. [2002]) |
• Depression (Carpenter et al. [2006]) | |
• Greater understanding of self and issues related to women and drug use (implicit in evaluation) (Najavits et al. [2007]) | • Developing and refining interpersonal skills (e.g. problem solving and communication skills) (Nurco et al. [1995]) |
• Communication and reasoning processes (Joe et al. [1997]) | • Leadership skills (Glickman et al. [2006]) |
• Motivation to employment (Coviello et al. [2004]) | • Job acquisition (Kidorf et al. [1998]) |
• Productive activity (Cohen et al. [1982]) | |
• Action steps to employment (Coviello et al. [2004]) |