Table 4 Associations between dichotomous familial risk factors at birth and continuous cognitive outcomes at age 72–74 years (N=346)
From: The impact of early life factors on cognitive function in old age: The Hordaland Health Study (HUSK)
Exposures | Level of adjustment | Composite scorea | Separate cognitive testsb | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Â | Â | Â | MMS | Digit symbol | KOLT | COWAT | TMA | Block design |
Mother’s condition, good (vs poor) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
|  | Unadjusted | 0.17 (−0.17,0.51) | 0.09 (−0.21,0.40) | 0.83 (−0.72,2.39) | 0.74 (−2.05,3.53) | 2.26 * (0.35,4.16) | −2.27 (−12.61,8.06) | −0.25 (−0.99,0.49) |
|  | + age/gender | 0.22 (−0.12,0.56) | 0.13 (−0.18,0.43) | 0.99 (−0.58,2.57) | 1.20 (−1.55,3.96) | 2.39 * (0.45,4.33) | −1.53 (−12.02,8.95) | −0.21 (−0.96,0.55) |
Family history of TB, no (vs yes) | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
|  | Unadjusted | −0.17 (−0.49,0.15) | −0.07 (−0.35,0.22) | −0.04 (−1.51,1.42) | −2.02 (−4.64,0.60) | −1.42 (−3.23,0.38) | −1.90 (−11.63,7.83) | 0.04 (−0.66,0.74) |
|  | + age/gender | −0.16 (−0.48,0.15) | −0.07 (−0.35,0.22) | −0.03 (−1.50,1.44) | −1.89 (−4.43,0.66) | −1.41 (−3.22,0.40) | −1.90 (−11.63,7.83) | 0.04 (−0.66,0.74) |
CVD, family, no (vs yes) | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
|  | Unadjusted | −0.09 (−0.39,0.21) | −0.10 (−0.37,0.16) | −0.12 (−1.50,1.25) | −0.71 (−3.18,1.76) | 0.35 (−1.35,2.05) | −6.82 (−15.94,2.29) | 0.09 (−0.57,0.75) |
|  | + age/gender | −0.08 (−0.38,0.22) | −0.09 (−0.36,0.18) | −0.04 (−1.43,1.35) | −1.12 (−3.54,1.30) | 0.34 (−1.39,2.06) | −6.04 (−15.26,3.17) | 0.15 (−0.52,0.81) |
Mother’s appearance, good (vs poor) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
|  | Unadjusted | 0.13 (−0.10,0.37) | −0.09 (−0.30,0.12) | 1.06 (−0.02,2.15) | 0.52 (−1.44,2.47) | 0.65 (−0.70,1.99) | 4.76 (−2.46,11.97) | 0.11 (−0.41,0.63) |
|  | + age/gender | 0.12 (−0.11,0.36) | −0.10 (−0.31,0.11) | 1.03 (−0.06,2.11) | 0.51 (−1.40,2.41) | 0.64 (−0.71,1.99) | 4.44 (−2.80,11.68) | 0.09 (−0.43,0.61) |
Complications, no (vs yes)c | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
|  | Unadjusted | 0.25 (−0.07,0.58) | −0.12 (−0.42,0.17) | 1.23 (−0.28,2.74) | 1.11 (−1.62,3.83) | 0.13 (−1.74,2.00) | 9.92 (−0.10,19.94) | 0.88 * (0.16,1.60) |
|  | + age/gender | 0.28 (−0.05,0.60) | −0.11 (−0.41,0.19) | 1.31 (−0.21,2.83) | 1.18 (−1.47,3.83) | 0.15 (−1.74,2.03) | 10.49* (0.44,20.54) | 0.92 * (0.20,1.64) |
Socioeconomic status, higher (vs lower) | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
|  | Unadjusted | 0.25 * (0.05,0.45) | 0.12(−0.06,0.30) | 1.16 * (0.23,2.08) | 1.28 (−0.39,2.94) | 0.72 (−0.43,1.87) | 6.78 * (0.63,12.93) | 0.08 (−0.36,0.53) |
|  | + age/gender | 0.25 * (0.05,0.45) | 0.12 (−0.06,0.30) | 1.16 * (0.23,2.08) | 1.24 (−0.38,2.87) | 0.72 (−0.43,1.87) | 6.82 * (0.66,12.97) | 0.09 (−0.36,0.53) |
Unmarried, no (vs yes) | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
|  | Unadjusted | −0.06 (−0.59,0.46) | −0.06 (−0.54,0.41) | −0.73 (−3.17,1.70) | −1.33 (−5.70,3.04) | 2.68 (−0.31,5.68) | 2.32 (−13.85,18.50) | −0.87 (−2.02,0.29) |
|  | + age/gender | −0.12 (−0.65,0.41) | −0.10 (−0.57,0.38) | −0.88 (−3.34,1.57) | −1.88 (−6.16,2.39) | 2.65 (−0.38,5.67) | 1.56 (−14.73,17.86) | −0.93 (−2.09,0.24) |
Teeth, lower jaw, good (vs poor)d | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
|  | Unadjusted | 0.06 (−0.14,0.26) | −0.09 (−0.26,0.09) | 0.24 (−0.71,1.20) | 2.25 ** (0.56,3.93) | 0.10 (−1.08,1.28) | −0.78 (−6.96,5.40) | 0.06 (−0.40,0.52) |
|  | + age/gender | 0.09 (−0.11,0.29) | −0.08 (−0.25,0.10) | 0.29 (−0.67,1.25) | 2.75 ** (1.11,4.39) | 0.15 (−1.04,1.35) | −0.70 (−6.92,5.53) | 0.06 (−0.40,0.52) |
Type of payment, insurance (vs other)e | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
|  | Unadjusted | 0.15 (−0.10,0.39) | 0.17 (−0.07,0.41) | 1.33 * (0.22,2.44) | 0.38 (−1.56,2.32) | −0.30 (−1.63,1.02) | −0.29 (−7.44,6.86) | 0.07 (−0.45,0.59) |
|  | + age/gender | 0.14 (−0.11,0.39) | 0.17 (−0.07,0.41) | 1.30 * (0.19,2.41) | 0.30 (−1.61,2.20) | −0.32 (−1.65,1.01) | −0.31 (−7.48,6.86) | 0.06 (−0.46,0.59) |
Number of diseases, ≤1 (vs >1) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
|  | Unadjusted | 0.00 (−0.22,0.22) | −0.07 (−0.27,0.12) | 0.42 (−0.58,1.43) | −0.53 (−2.33,1.27) | 0.32 (−0.92,1.56) | 1.91 (−4.77,8.58) | −0.12 (−0.60,0.36) |
|  | + age/gender | −0.01 (−0.23,0.21) | −0.08 (−0.27,0.12) | 0.39 (−0.62,1.40) | −0.54 (−2.29,1.22) | 0.32 (−0.93,1.56) | 1.63 (−5.06,8.32) | −0.14 (−0.62,0.34) |