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Table 1 Positive states of mind, depression, anxiety, and perceived health by age, gender, education and income

From: Frequency of positive states of mind as a moderator of the effects of stress on psychological functioning and perceived health

 

Positive states of mind (range: 0 to 4)

Depression (range: 0 to 21)

Anxiety (range: 0 to 21)

Perceived health (range: 0 to 100)

 

n

%

Mean (SD)

Sig.

Mean (SD)

Sig.

Mean (SD)

Sig.

Mean (SD)

Sig.

Gender

          

 Male

140

41.2

2.43 (0.77)

n.s.

3.80 (3.02)

n.s.

6.13 (4.01)

P < 0.01

69.84 (20.25)

n.s.

 Female

200

58.8

2.52 (0.81)

 

3.98 (3.50)

 

7.35 (4.10)

 

68.04 (22.26)

 

Age

          

 18-29

68

20.1

2.54 (0.76)

n.s.

3.66 (3.35)

n.s.

7.21 (3.71)

P < 0.05 a

68.28 (17.72)

n.s.

 30-39

77

22.8

2.40 (0.81)

 

4.05 (3.43)

 

7.62 (4.55)

 

67.64 (21.37)

 

 40-49

87

25.7

2.40 (0.83)

 

4.06 (2.13)

 

7.18 (4.15)

 

66.48 (23.98)

 

 50-

106

31.4

2.58 (0.78)

 

3.77 (3.09)

 

5.79 (3.83)

 

71.62 (21.39)

 

Education

          

 High school

105

32.0

2.30 (0.78)

P < 0.01 b

4.83 (3.64)

P < 0.001 c

7.22 (4.51)

n.s.

63.46 (24.64)

P < 0.001 d

 Some college

122

37.2

2.50 (0.83)

 

3.70 (3.30)

 

6.53 (4.15)

 

70.42 (21.51)

 

 Bachelors degree or more

101

30.8

2.69 (0.72)

 

2.85 (2.21)

 

6.52 (3.32)

 

74.09 (14.86)

 

Income

          

 0 - 29 999 SEK

123

36.9

2.46 (0.75)

n.s.

4.32 (5.50)

P < 0.05 e

7.48 (4.13)

n.s.

65.92 (22.78)

n.s.

 30 000–44 999 SEK

104

31.2

2.47 (0.84)

 

3.81 (3.16)

 

6.20 (4.02)

 

70.31 (20.93)

 

 45 000 SEK or more

106

31.8

2.54 (0.80)

 

3.22 (2.95)

 

6.61 (3.93)

 

71.38 (19.62)

 
  1. a Post-hoc analysis showed that differences were only significant between those aged 50 or more as compared to participants aged 30–39.
  2. b Post-hoc analysis showed that differences were significant between those with a Bachelors degree and those with lower education.
  3. c Post-hoc analysis showed that differences were only significant between those with High school and Bachelors degree or more.
  4. d Post-hoc analysis showed that differences were significant between those with High school and those with higher education.
  5. e Post-hoc analysis showed a significant difference between those with an income of 45 000 SEK or more and those with an income of 0–29 999 SEK.