| Phase 1 group | Phase 2 group | t or U | P |
---|
(n = 178) | (n = 92) |
---|
DAS-24 (SD) | | | | |
Total | 87.2 (18.1) | 82.4 (19.4) | 1.998 | 0.047 |
Achievement | 26.6 (8.5) | 25.4 (8.7) | 1.036 | 0.301 |
Dependency | 31.3 (7.3) | 28.3 (7.7) | 3.079 | 0.002 |
Self-control | 29.3 (6.5) | 28.6 (6.9) | 7860.5 | 0.59 |
- Phase 1 group and phase 2 groups respectively include participants for whom the DAS-24 was assessed before the pandemic (October 2017 – March 2020) and during the pandemic (April 2020 – June 2022)
- P values represent results of Student t-tests for the scores of total DAS-24 and the scores of achievement and dependency subscales or Mann–Whitney U test for the scores of self-control subscale. DAS-24 denotes the 24-item Dysfunctional Attitude Scale